PUBLIC POLICY AS A TOOL OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENTTHE

Abstract

The state, as a rule, during the transition to the innovative path of development, at all stages and processes of the formation and development of the innovative economy, produces a state innovation policy, forms new innovative institutional structures, an institutional environment that includes education, science, entrepreneurship, produces effective mechanisms and tools of the state regulation of innovation activity, provision of innovation safety, etc. This is important for the state, because innovative development is, first of all, a political problem, since the creation of scientific research, economic and power institutions and ensuring their effective functioning is a political task. Moreover, innovative development changes a person and the very nature of society. Therefore, being a phenomenon that changes society and rebuilds the balance of political forces and interests, innovative activity acts primarily as an object of state policy. State policy is the purposeful activity of state authorities in solving social problems, achieving and implementing generally significant goals of the development of society or its individual spheres. It is a means that allows the state to achieve certain goals in a specific field, using legal, economic, and administrative methods of influence, relying on the resources at its disposal. The main functions of the state in the development of innovations are to create clear and effective rules for the interaction of participants in the innovation process and to provide guarantees under the conditions of significant risks of innovative activity.

The state innovation policy is one of the first priorities regarding innovation in the system of state and municipal administration, since it is in the implementation of this type of policy that the state is expected to achieve the required level of innovative development, both in general and in relation to individual sectors of the economy and the life of society. State innovation policy can be considered in a broad and narrow sense. First, the state innovation policy is an integral part of the socio-economic policy, which expresses the attitude of the state to innovative activity, determines the goals, directions, and forms of activity of state authorities in the field of science, technology, and implementation of science and technology achievements. Secondly, the state innovation policy is a set of goals, as well as methods of influence of state structures on the economy and society as a whole, related to the initiation and improvement of the economic and social efficiency of innovation processes. The main tasks, or priority areas, of the state innovation policy are the following: - priority funding of fundamental research and exploratory R&D, organization of state orders for R&D in accordance with the state science and technology program; – creation of economic, legal and organizational conditions for innovative activity; - increasing production efficiency and competitiveness of products of domestic producers based on the creation and distribution of basic and qualitative innovations; - promotion of activation of innovative activity, development of market relations and entrepreneurship in the innovative sphere; – expansion of state support for innovative activity, increasing the efficiency of the use of state resources aimed at the development of innovative activity; - promoting the expansion of cooperation between Ukrainian entities in the implementation of innovative activities; - implementation of measures to support domestic innovative products on the international market and development of Ukraine's export potential