ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE REGION
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to evaluate the impact of demographic processes on the development of human capital on the example of a particular region - the Volyn region.
The gender dynamics of the population in the Volyn region as of the beginning of 1979-2019 has been studied. The decrease in the population of the region also leads to a decrease in the basic quantitative characteristics of its human capital. There has been a slight increase in the proportion of men in the total population of the region over a long period of time - from 46.7% in 1979 to 47.2% in 2018, which indicates an increase in the contribution of men to the region's total human capital.
A more detailed analysis of trends in population change by residence indicates a rapid decline in rural population. That is, there is a shift in the basic quantitative characteristics of human capital from rural areas to urban settlements.
There is a positive trend in reducing the number of deaths for all reasons. The biggest positive changes occurred in the reduction of the dead from diseases of the circulatory system, and there was a sharp decrease in the deaths from respiratory diseases. In general, the prospect of raising human capital in the future can be positively assessed by increasing life expectancy, especially for women.
The dynamics of fertility, mortality and natural increase (decrease) of the population in Volyn region for the years 1990-2018 is studied.
The major human capital is concentrated in the cities of Volyn region, which is also in the most productive age of 30-44 years. Whereas human capital in rural areas is less productive and belongs to more age categories. Although, on average,
60.2% of the population in the region are of working age and 76.9% are over 18 years of age. The older age group over 60 is 18.9%.
It is concluded that the basic quantitative indicators of human capital are highly dependent on the demographic processes in the region, as well as the processes of urbanization and changes in the direction of socio-economic development both at the national and regional levels. An effective government policy to support fertility, as it has been since 2005, or other negative factors, such as the intensification of the military conflict in the East of our country, may also have a positive or negative impact on the change of human capital. Therefore, it is important to look at the impact on human capital and other factors that are not only quantitative but qualitative in nature.
