FORMS OF INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISE OF THE REGION: VECTORS OF NATIONAL AND WORLD EXPERIENCE
Abstract
The article considers the theoretical provisions of innovative development of enterprises, taking into account world experience. It is determined that the effective functioning of technopolises, high-tech cities (HiTech City), technology parks, science and technology alliances, innovation centers, business incubators, special economic zones, consulting firms and companies, as well as consortia, concerns, clusters, holdings, financial industrial groups, etc. helps to improve the sectoral structure of production and accelerate the socio-economic development of enterprises; actively implement in production domestic and foreign scientific and technical developments and inventions with the subsequent transfer of results for widespread use in the domestic and foreign markets.
Modern conditions of globalization lead to increased competition in the markets and force companies to seek new effective methods of work. In the struggle for the consumer, the key positions are occupied by the most competitive enterprises, including those that can adapt to new conditions in the shortest possible time and are capable of constant innovation. Moreover, global innovations do not provide companies with long-term competitive advantage in the market, but give them only a temporary advantage. The requirement of time is constant monitoring of the market situation with the possibility of providing constant modifications of products / services and methods of work in the market. This encourages companies to find effective methods of tracking possible sources of innovation and ways to implement them. That is why the modern model of enterprise development should be based on the development of effective innovation models.
Оn the basis of the conducted assessment of factors of influence the enterprise can choose the following directions of innovative development. According to the strategic direction of innovative development, there are areas: balanced innovative development, which is applied subject to gradual technical changes; offensive innovative development, which is used in conditions of rapid technical change, when it is necessary to advance or maintain market leadership through the use of new achievements of STP; protective innovative development through the use and gradual reproduction of the results of innovative activities of market leaders; absorbing innovative development, through nominal, not real innovative transformations.
According to many experts, the main problems hindering innovation in Ukraine are: an imperfect system of legal support and state support. For a long time, the innovation legislation of Ukraine was characterized by a certain fragmentation and inconsistency. However, most of the mechanisms of state financial support and tax incentives provided by these acts cannot be fully applied. The lack of a systematic approach and a unified scientific and technological and innovation policy is not compensated by the increase in the number of legislative and regulatory acts, numerous changes and additions to them.
The application of effective models of economic growth is available in those countries whose public policy is based on an innovative model of development, which provides for the creation of state-of-the-art production based on fundamentally new advanced technologies and high-tech products, intellectualization of production, improvement of financial markets management , conducting a policy of resource conservation, creation and support of technology parks, technology cities and other innovation structures.
In any developed country, innovation is the basis of radical changes that must be carried out to ensure economic growth. At the present stage of development of globalization processes in the economy, the national security of the state, the competitiveness of its economy, as well as living standards determine, first of all, the development of scientific and technological progress and effective use of intellectual activity of leading scientists. The competition that exists among the countries of the world has turned into competition in the field of science, technology and education.
